Date of Award

1-1-2023

Language

English

Document Type

Master's Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Science (MS)

College/School/Department

Department of Chemistry

Content Description

1 online resource ( iv, 103 pages) : illustrations

Dissertation/Thesis Chair

Paul Toscano

Keywords

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Subject Categories

Biogeochemistry

Abstract

ADHD is a disease commonly associated with childhood; however, recently adult cases of ADHD have been on the rise. The cause of ADHD is not yet known but can be treated. The issue with the treatment of ADHD is the use of heavily restricted stimulants. The use of these medications carry many health risks, most notability addiction. ADHD also has many co-morbidities like anxiety and autism. This makes ADHD a complex disorder, making the identification of a cause difficult. However, by identifying how drugs used to treat ADHD work, combined with genetic testing, areas of interest start to appear. An already studied system with ADHD in mind is the dopamine neurotransmitter system. ADHD has lower levels of dopamine. The drugs typically used to treat ADHD work by increasing the amount of dopamine in the brain through various methods. The dopamine system also interacts with other neurotransmitter systems like norepinephrine and serotonin, all of which regulate each other. A likely cause of the symptoms of ADHD is the result of a signaling cascade that is continuously active. Without the presence of dopamine, the signal cannot be turned off resulting in a period of extended abnormal expression. Along with this, ADHD may also stem from an abnormality in the structure of the brain which arises from genetic disorders or brain injury. This makes ADHD a symptom of the disease, but it may also cause other diseases. ADHD affects the ability to focus, which in education will lead to poor grades and social isolation. This may lead to disorders like anxiety and depression, making the identification of ADHD a high priority that will have major societal improvements. Currently, ADHD cannot be detected by a test. However, by using biomarkers and brain scans, ADHD can be identified. The reliable identification of ADHD will allow for proper understanding and improved outcomes for those who have it.

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