ORCID

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1687-0038

Date of Award

Spring 2025

Language

English

Embargo Period

4-28-2026

Document Type

Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

College/School/Department

Department of Biological Sciences

Program

Biology

First Advisor

Dr. Alexander Ciota

Second Advisor

Dr. Ing-Nang Wang

Committee Members

Dr. Alexander Ciota, Dr. Ing-Nang Wang, Dr. Cara Pager, Dr. Paul Turner

Keywords

Orthoflavivirus, Virus Evolution, West Nile virus, Arbovirus, Ecology, Culex pipiens

Subject Categories

Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

Abstract

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), which are maintained in nature in complex transmission cycles involving hematophagic invertebrates and their vertebrate hosts, are the cause of a significant and expanding global health burden. Defining arbovirus-host interactions is necessary if we are to understand the adaptive and epidemiological potential of arboviruses. The results presented with West Nile virus (WNV Flaviviridae: Orthoflavivirus), are a compilation of such studies. WNV is the most prevalent arboviral pathogen in the U.S. and the most geographically distributed arbovirus in the world. Despite the evolutionary potential of these RNA viruses, WNV and other arboviruses have experienced only limited consensus level change. This relative evolutionary stasis has been identified utilizing primarily large, national datasets, or data collected over short periods of time, that may obscure the genetic signal of adaptation, and of a prospective advantage in mosquito vectors or avian hosts that may be restricted to a small geographic range. These studies utilize molecular epidemiology in conjunction with experimental studies to characterize and evaluate the directionally selected set of mutations comprising a unique and dominant WNV genotype and its phenotypic consequences. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the adaptive potential of WNV, and the importance of the emergence of adaptive mutations to sustained endemicity of an arbovirus species.

License

This work is licensed under the University at Albany Standard Author Agreement.

Available for download on Tuesday, April 28, 2026

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